Tuesday, October 7, 2014

Programming Concept


definition



(1)program:

                        Program is a set of instructions written in programming language to perform a specified task.


(2)PROGRAMMIng:

                                   Programming is the process to give instructions to the computer.


(3)programmers: 

                                      The person who is involved to  prepare a computer program is called programmer.


(4)system programmers:

                                                                       The person who writes program to boot the computer,to control the hardware components , etc are called system programmers.


(5)application  programmers:

                                                                                   Appication programmer are used to design a application program to fulfill a specified task.


(6)PROGRAMMING  LANGUAGE:

                                                                                    The language which is used to write programs for the computer is called programming language.


(7)machine language:

                                              The first language of computer was binary language, which is also known as machine language.                                                                                                                          (8)Assembly language:

                                           Due to the complexities of machine language in the early 1950’s IBM company with contribution of computer scientists developed another language, which is known as assembly language.


(9)High level language:

                                            In the early 1960’s different languages were developed and used in the third generation of computers which are known as High level language.


(10) Compiler:

                         Compiler is a language translator that translates the program written in high level language to machine language at once.

(11)Interpreter:

                             Interpreter is a language translator that translates the program written in high level language to machine language statement by statement.

(12)Assembler:

                            Assembler is a language translator, which translates an assembly language program into its equivalent machine language program.  

 (13)Fourth generation language:                                                                                            Fourth generation languages are closer to human languages than typical high level programming language.


(14)Advantages of machine language:


Ø Machine language is directly understood by the computer so the program written in machine language does not need to be converted.


 Ø The program developed using machine  language becomes extremely fast since   no conversion is required.

                                                                                                                        
Disadvantage of machine language:

Ø Programming using machine language is difficult to write and remember.


Ø  A machine language is machine dependent. Machine codes depend upon the architecture of the computer.


Ø  Since, Machine codes depend upon the architecture of the computer.Programmers must know the knowledge of hardware.


Ø  It is time consuming and tedious task to modify the program written in machine language.



(15)Advantages of Assembly language:
                    

Ø   since the assembly language uses symbols and mnemonic codes it is easy  to understand write and modify program  in assembly language.


Ø The program written in assembly language executes faster because it is closer to the machine.


Ø It is easy to find out errors in the programs written in assembly language.             


 Disadvantage of Assembly language:


Ø   A assembly language  is also machine dependent language.The  program  written for one type of  computer has to be modified to use in another type of computer.


Ø The program written in assembly language is less efficient.The assembly  program takes more time to execute  than the machine codes program.


Ø  Since assembly language is machine   dependent,the programmer must have   knowledge of hardware.






(16)Advantages of High level language:


Ø Since high level language are closer to English language, they are easy to  learn and use.



Ø High level language are machine independent.so,It is easy to write and  modify programs written in high  level   language.



 Ø The program written  in high level   language  for one type of machine can be used in  another type  with simple modifications or with no modification.



 Ø It is faster to write programs in the high level language.


Ø It is easy to do documentation of high level program.




Disadvantage of High level language:

 Ø  Programs written in high level language  must need language processors   to convert  into  machine  language.


Ø  High level programs takes more time to execute in computer.


Ø  Programs written in high level  language cannot completely control hardware.






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